Autism is a neuro development
disorder called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that develops during the first few years after
birth. It is a severe disorder that causes impaired social interactions,
abnormal and repetitive patterns of behavior, and language problems. Autistic
kids also have limited verbal and nonverbal communication skills. It is a long
term condition and can affect children for a lifetime.
The causes of autism are yet
to be explored in detail. Researchers have pointed out many contributing
factors that are thought to increase the risk of autism.
Among the many proposed causes, there is a consensus over genetic
predisposition as the major driving factor for autism, which in many cases are augmented
by environmental factors. Therefore, autism seems to have multi factorial origin
with genetics playing the pivotal role.
Today, no cure for autism has
been identified. However, a combined therapy consisting of medications and
non-drug approaches like speech and language therapy, tailored education, and
others may help control symptoms and facilitate normal daily functions for an
autistic child.
Proposed Causes of Autism
1. Genetic Factors: Faulty genes inherited from parents are the most widely
accepted cause of autism. Children who have inherited such genes from the
parents may develop a the condition when exposed to various environmental
factors.
Note: A recent Study suggests
we all have the prerequisite genes, but not all of us develop autism. This
indicates a contributory role of environmental factors.
2.
Environmental
Factors: A variety of environmental factors have been linked to autism.
These factors can increase the risk of autism before, during or after
pregnancy, and may play a role in either the mother or child, or both.
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Air pollution: Maternal exposure to air
pollution during pregnancy and child’s exposure during the first two years
after birth have been linked to an increased risk of developing autism.
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Pesticide exposure: Studies have suggested a
connection between pesticide exposure during the last three months of pregnancy
and increased autism risk. However, conclusive studies are still underway.
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Complications during labor or
delivery: A child
born to a mother who had complications with labor, or a low delivery score, can
indicate problems with the child’s adaptive thinking and communication,
hallmarks of autism.
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Use of anti-seizure medication Valproic acid during pregnancy: It is very important to consult
your doctor before taking any prescription, non-prescription or supplements
during pregnancy.
●
Maternal nutrition during
pregnancy:
Deficiency of certain nutrients during pregnancy may contribute to autism in
the child. Most studies conducted for autism have shown an association between Folic acid and Vitamin D deficiencies. If such a connection is established, nutritional
intervention can be employed as a means to prevent autism.
Note: Other environmental factors that may
contribute to autism in the child include parental obesity, exposure to heavy metals,
alcohol and medications.
Rumored Causes of Autism
1. Vaccines: A mercury-containing
compound, thimerosal, which is used in vaccines as a preservative has been
linked to autism. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
has clearly stated that none of the ingredients used in vaccines cause autism,
and warned such rumor should not inhibit the rate of vaccinations.
Autism is a complex disorder, and so are its causes. More
studies in the future will gradually unfold exact causes, and will lead to more
effective treatment strategies. Understanding the root causes of autism which
is a lifelong condition, rests on the ability to recognize symptoms as early as
possible, especially in children.
